Um filme com o objetivo de tornar Joseph Kony — um líder guerrilheiro ugandense atualmente procurado pela Corte Penal Internacional por crimes contra a humanidade —”famoso”, de modo a conseguir apoio para sua prisão, tem varrido a Internet, alçando a hashtag #StopKony (#DetenhaKony) à lista de trending topics do Twitter e provocando uma onda de reações por parte de blogueiros preocupados com o tom demasiado simplista do filme e da campanha associada a ele.
O filme de 30 minutos recebeu um total de 20 milhões de visualizações no Vimeo e no YouTube nos últimos dias e chamou a atenção de celebridades como Rihanna, Zooey Deschanel, Ryan Seacrest, e Ellen DeGeneres [en], bem como de milhares de outros internautas:
@thaRadBrad: I've been on YouTube for a few years now but I've never seen a video go as viral as Kony 2012. Absolutely insane. #stopkony
@WillGorsuch: I'm pretty sure over 5 million people learned who Kony was today #StopKONY
O filme, dirigido e narrado pelo co-fundador da organização sem fins lucrativos Invisible Children Jason Russell, utiliza vídeos populares do YouTube, clipes de vídeos anteriores da Invisible Children (em parte filmados na Uganda), apelos ao poder das mídias sociais e imagens do filho de Russell como forma de encorajar os espectadores a “tornar Joseph Kony famoso, não para celebrá-lo, mas para reunir apoio para sua prisão e estabelecer um precedente para a justiça internacional.”
Russell instrui os espectadores a “ir atrás” de celebridades e responsáveis por políticas públicas para ajudar a difundir a conscientização e encorajar o governo dos Estados Unidos a garantir a prisão de Kony em 2012. Os espectadores são interpelados a comprar um “kit de ação” contendo braceletes e pôsteres e a “cobrir a noite” em 20 de abril, colando os pôsteres nas suas comunidades. Russell adverte [en]:
In order for Kony to be arrested this year, the Ugandan military has to find him. In order to find him, they need the technology and training to track him in the vast jungle. That's where the American advisors come in. But in order for American advisors to be there, the US government has to deploy them. They've done that, but if the government doesn't believe that the people care about arresting Kony, the mission will be canceled. In order for the people to care, they have to know. And they will only know if Kony's name is everywhere.
O filme recebeu fortes críticas de netizens na Uganda e em outros lugares, muitos dos quais estão céticos quanto à compreensão da Invisible Children da longa insurgência do Lord's Resistance Army (LRA, Exército de Resistência do Senhor) e quanto ao foco do filme na prisão de Kony como uma maneira de pôr fim ao conflito. A jornalista ugandense e autora do Global Voices Rosebell Kagumire tuíta:
@RosebellK: this simplification of a story of millions of people of N. #Uganda is not acceptable #KONY2012
Rosebell também postou um vídeo [en] próprio, compartilhando suas ideias sobre o filme:
Blogueira da diáspora etíope e ativista, Solome Lemma também questiona [en] o que ela vê como uma “falta de contexto e de nuances” do filme:
[I]n the video, the founder of Invisible Children tells his young son that Kony is a bad guy and he must go. Daddy will work on making sure he is caught. He states, “if we succeed, we change the course of human history.” Such a humble undertaking! Simply, a long socioeconomic and political conflict that has lasted 25+ years and engaged multiple states and actors has been reduced to a story of the good vs bad guy. And if a three-year-old can understand it, so can you. You don’t have to learn anything about the children, Uganda, or Africa. You just have to make calls, put up flyers, sings songs, and you will liberate a poor, forgotten, and invisible people.
O poeta e músico ugandense Musa Okwonga ressalta [en] que o filme deixa de mencionar dois atores-chave no conflito e em sua possível solução — o presidente da Uganda Yoweri Museveni e os ativistas ugandenses que já se dedicam ao problema:
Joseph Kony has been doing this for a very, very, very long time. He emerged about a quarter of a century, which is about the same time that Uganda’s President Yoweri Museveni came to power. As a result the fates of these two leaders must, I think, be viewed together. Yet, though President Museveni must be integral to any solution to this problem, I didn’t hear him mentioned once in the 30-minute video. I thought that this was a crucial omission. Invisible Children asked viewers to seek the engagement of American policymakers and celebrities, but – and this is a major red flag – it didn’t introduce them to the many Northern Ugandans already doing fantastic work both in their local communities and in the diaspora. It didn’t ask its viewers to seek diplomatic pressure on President Museveni’s administration.

Joseph Kony – líder do Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). Foto liberada pelo usuário do Flickr Chris Shultz sob a licença Creative Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0).
Muitas pessoas familiarizadas com o conflito têm ressaltado que o filme trata quase que exclusivamente da Uganda, apesar do fato do LRA não estar mais ativo no país há muitos anos. O jornalista ugandense Angelo Izama escreve [en]:
To call the campaign a misrepresentation is an understatement. While it draws attention to the fact that Kony, indicted for war crimes by the International Criminal Court in 2005, is still on the loose, it’s portrayal of his alleged crimes in Northern Uganda are from a bygone era. At the height of the war between especially 1999 and 2004, large hordes of children took refuge on the streets of Gulu town to escape the horrors of abduction and brutal conscription to the ranks of the LRA. Today most of these children are semi-adults.
Siena Antsis, ativista pelos direitos humanos que já trabalhou em políticas de desenvolvimento, aponta [en]:
Gulu – and Uganda – has gone through some incredible changes. The economy is booming. The region is re-stabilizing. While Kony’s men continue to kill, rape and slaughter elsewhere, Gulu is not a static, unchanging place. Neither is Uganda, neither is the continent. Portraying a region like Gulu as such, and sending the mass message that the whole continent reflects this, is damaging. It undermines possibilities of investment. It clouds story of entrepreneurship, success and innovation. This goes hand in hand with saying “I work in Africa.” Lumping the continent as one messy area.
O blogueiro ugandense Julian Mwine tuíta:
@Jaymwine: In all fairness #stopkony couldnt have trended when #kony was terrorising #uganda coz there was no twitter then.
O blogueiro TMS Ruge questiona [en] o “golpe de marketing para arrecadar fundos” da Invisible Children e argumenta que a missão primária da organização não é “vender justiça, democracia ou a restauração da dignidade de ninguém”, e sim garantir egoístamente a própria sobrevivência:
This is a self-aware machine that must continually find a reason to be relevant. They are, in actuality, selling themselves as the issue, as the subject, as the panacea for everything that ails me as the agency-devoid African. All I have to do is show up in my broken English, look pathetic and wanting. You, my dear social media savvy click-activist, will shed a tear, exhaust Facebook’s like button, mobilize your cadre of equally ill-uninformed netizens to throw money at the problem.
TMS Ruge lançou a hashtag #StopIC no Twitter, em resposta ao filme. Um número crescente de céticos quanto ao #StopKony está se juntando em torno da nova hashtag:
@tmsruge: Time & time again I have been quiet on this capacity sucking organization that is @Invisible. Stop robbing us of our dignity! #stopIC
@simbamaxxed: If one more person pastes this overdramatic #kony2012 video on my wall…#stopIC
@andykristian: Invisible Children is doing a disservice to #Uganda. Before you support IC, get the facts straight. http://bit.ly/Anf4Sd #StopIC #StopKony
Para alguns blogueiros ugandenses, a controvérsia em torno do filme também desencadeou um debate mais amplo sobre os modismos da mídia e a percepção internacional de conflitos violentos. Em resposta a uma convocação colocada pela autora deste post no Twitter [en] para pontos de vista ugandenses sobre o filme, o blogueiro Ernest Bazanye tuíta:
@bazanye: @Opiaiya @rebekahredux @bazanye: …other world events? We could be reading the world just as wrongly as the world is reading us